ATR8000 Interface for the Atari 8 bit computers (and stand alone terminal, CPM, MSDOS use) Since this manual was written in 1982, it does not include some newer technologies. 3.5" drives can be used with the system where 8" is mentioned. But only 720K. 1.44 or larger require additional hardware. Note that even single sided, single density disks formatted on generic drives connected to the ATR will run faster on 810s and 1050s due to the faster sector structure (interleave). Also, the information on direct connect floppy drives is for OLD mechanisms. Newer drives only need their number set. Everything else is automatic. It is now possible in some circumstances to have more than 4 drives as described in this manual. "1-4" can be replaced with "1-8" for drive numbers using Atari drives with a hardware modification only. Drive 9 can not be used, its reserved for the ramdisk when available. OR, with certain software, any 9 drives can reside on an ST or a PC hard drive. But that is outside the scope of this document. Modems are limited to 9600 baud without driver update at least. The hardware MAY also need updating. Hard Drives can NOT be used without additional hardware and software. Inkjet and laser printers can be connected just fine. Page numbers are for reference only to the page number locations in brackets [] at the right margin. This document is not set for proper printing at page breaks(but you can do that if needed). And obviously, warranties are no longer in effect. Use at your own risk and liability. Most of this info. also applies to the ATR8500. Its main difference is the way it handles the serial port(so needs a different driver). I have not included the CP/M information since you need the CP/M disk, to make use of it. I will make this section available if interested. Same applies to what information I have on MSDOS mode using the CO-Power board. RLD 20May2K *************************************************************************** Software Publishers, Inc. reserves the right to make hardware, software and pricing changes without notice. Copyright c 1982 by Software Publishers, Inc. Arlington, Texas. All rights are reserved. Reproduction or use of this manual, without expressed permission in writing,in any form,is prohibited. This manual may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, reduced to any electronic, chemical, or magnetic storage system, or be translated into machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from Software Publishers, Inc.(They are gone, so I did it anyway). Printed in the United States of America ATARI 800, ATARI 400, ATARI 810 Disk Drive, ATARI 820 Printer, ATARI 822 Printer, ATARI 825 Printer, ATARI 830 Modem, ATARI 850 Interface Module, and ATARI DOS are all registered trademarks of ATARI, Inc. CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc. OS/A+ is a trademark of Optimized Systems, Inc. Percom is a trademark of Percom Data Company. Z-80 is a trademark of Zilog, Inc. Table Of Contents Page I. Introduction .................................................. 6 1. The ATR8000 System ......................................... 7 2. Power Requirements ......................................... 8 3. Protection from Radio Frequency Interference ............... 8 A. Radio Frequency Interference on ........................ 8 Nonconnected Radio/TV B. Radio Frequency Interference Within the ................ 8 ATR8000 System II. Connecting the Hardwa.......................................... 9 1. Cable Specifications ....................................... 10 A. RS-232 Serial Printer Cable ............................ 10 B. Standard Centronics Parallel Cable ..................... 11 C. Nonstandard Centronics Parallel Cable ...(removed) D. Standard Drive Cable ................................... 11 2. ATR8000 Port Specifications ................................ 12 A. RS-232 Port ............................................ 12 B. FLOPPY DISK Port ....................................... 13 C. PRINTER Port .......................................... 14 3. Peripherals ................................................ 15 A. Disk Drives ............................................ 15 1. ATARI 810 Drives ................................... 15 2. Percom Drives ...................................... 16 3. Using all 5 1/4"Drives ............................. 16 4. 8" Drives .......................................... 17 A. ATARI 810s, 5 1/4", and 8" Drives .............. 18 B. Modems ................................................. 18 1. ATARI 830 Modems.................................... 18 2. The D.C. Hayes Smart Modem ......................... 19 [1] ATR-8000 Manual [1] C. Printers ............................................... 19 1. 40 Column Printer: an ATARI 820 or 822 ............. 19 2. 80 Column Printers if an ATARI 850 is not .......... 19 Interfaced into the ATR8000 System (or 132 Column Printers) 3. 80 Column Printers if an 850 is Interfaced ......... 19 into the System (or 132 Column Printers) 4. The Connection ............................................. 20 A. ATARI, ATR8000, 1+ Standard Drives, .................... 20 Cables, 1 Adapter per 8" Drive B. ATARI, ATR8000, 1+ Standard Drives, .................... 21 1+ ATARI 810s, Cables, 1 Adapter per 8" Drive C. ATARI, ATR8000, 1+ Standard Drives, 1+ ATARI ........... 22 810s, Printer, Modem, Cables, 1 Adapter per 8" Drive, ATARI 850 1. Without the 850 .................................... 23 2. With the 850 ....................................... 24 3. Connecting a 40 Column Printer ..................... 25 D. Other Connections ...................................... 25 5. ATR8000 Jumper Options ..................................... 26 A. 16k or 64k ............................................. 26 B. ATARI or RS-232 Terminal ............................... 27 C. 2k or 4k Operating ROM ................................. 27 D. RS-232 Configuring ..................................... 27 E. Undefined .............................................. 30 6. Internal Drive Configuring ................................. 31 A. 5 1/4" Drives .......................................... 31 1. Radio Shack Drives ................................. 34 2. ATARI 810 Drives ................................... 34 3. Percom Drives ...................................... 34 B. 8" Drives .............................................. 34 [2] ATR-8000 Manual [2] 7. Connecting an RS-232 Terminal to the ATR8000 ............... 35 III. SOFTWARE ...................................................... 36 1. ATARI DOS .................................................. 36 A. Copying ATARI DOS to an 8" Disk ........................ 36 B. Modems ................................................. 37 C. Printers ............................................... 37 1. PRINTOFF.BAS ....................................... 38 2. PRINTON.BAS ........................................ 39 2. OSA+, VERSION 4 ............................................ 40 3. MYDOS ...................................................... 40 4. SPARTA DOS ................................................. 40 5. Misc ....................................................... 40 IV. Testing the Installed System .................................. 42 V. Expanding the ATR8000 ......................................... 42 1. Converting to 64K ......................................... 42 2. Adding Drives, Printers, and Modems ....................... 42 3. Hard Disk Systems ......................................... 42 [3] ATR-8000 Manual [3] Diagrams Page 1. Cable Binding for Monitor ..................................... 9 2. RS-232 Printer Cable .......................................... 10 3. Standard Centronics Parallel Printer Cable .................... 11 4. Nonstandard Centronics Parallel Printer Cable ................. 11 5. Standard Drive Cable........................................... 11 6. RS-232 Port Pin Order ......................................... 12 7. FLOPPY DISK Port Pin Order .................................... 13 8. PRINTER Port Pin Order ........................................ 14 9. The Percom ATARI Controller Drive ............................. 15 10. Hardware Connection Diagrams A. The Ports of the ATR8000 (BackView) ....................... 7 B. Making the Connections (for II.4.A.) ...................... 21 C. Making the Connections (for II.4.B.) ...................... 22 D. Making the Connections (for II.4.C1.) ..................... 23 E. Making the Connections (for II.4.C2.) ..................... 24 F. Making the Connections (for II.4.C3.) ..................... 25 11. Jumper Option Locations ....................................... 26 12. 16k or 64k --J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J8 ....................... 26 13. ATARI or RS-232 Terminal -- J7, J10 ........................... 27 14. 2 or 4k Operating ROM -- J9 ................................... 28 15. RS-232 Configuring -- J12 ..................................... 28 A. To Connect an Epson Serial Printer (the default) .......... 29 B. To Connect an RS-232 Terminal to the RS-232 Port .......... 30 to Communicate with the ATARI C. To Connect a D.C. Hayes Smart Modem ...................... 30 16. Undefined -- J11 ............................................. 30 17. Locations for Internal Drive Configuring ...................... 31 [4] ATR-8000 Manual [4] 18. Jumper Options for 5 1/4" Drives .............................. 32 19. Drive Numbering #1 ............................................ 33 20. Drive Numbering #2 ............................................ 33 [5] ATR-8000 Manual [5] I. Introduction Congratulations, you have purchased the most expandable, versatile disk interface available for your ATARI800/400. The ATR8000 allows you to delve beyond the ATARI microcomputer world into another that offers nearly countless hardware and software options. Serial or parallel printers can be connected to the ports of the ATR8000. You 'can choose from medium-speed, economical dot matrix printers to the faster, slightly higher priced, dot addressable dot matrix printers, OR you can get the quality and printing versatility of a more expensive daisy wheel printer. For program storage, single, double or quad density, single or double-sided, 5 1/4" or 8" disk drives can be connected to the ATR8000. You're not limited to one type or size of drive, because you can intermix them! Single density ATARI DOS and double density OSA+, Version 4, can both be run on the standard ATR8000. OSA+, Version 4, is a double density DOS that runs twice as fast as ATARI DOS and stores twice as much data on a disk. The 64k upgrade includes CP/M configured for the ATR8000, complete with the standard CP/M manual. Software Publishers, Inc. furnishes additional double density software for CP/M purchasers. CP/M purchasers receive DDINIT.COM: a double density disk initializing program with several double density format options; DDSYSGEN.COM: a sysgen program for reading and writing double density system tracks; CONFIGUR.COM: for selecting the proper printer driver to be incorporated into the double density systems tracks; DDCOPY.COM: a double density copy program; DISKDEF.COM: a utility program for defining CP/M parameters for compatibility purposes; MODEM7.COM: a reconfigured CP/M users' group program that runs the D.C. Hayes Smart Modem on the RS-232 serial port; and DISKMON.COM: a program for primitive disk access. To connect the ATR8000, the ATARI 800/400, disk drives and any peripherals you have, choose the hardware connection subsection in Section II that best matches your equipment. Thoroughly read the configuring instructions for drives, printers and jumper options before testing the system. Detailed information on the construction of the cables used with the ATR8000 system is in Section II.l. This subsection has been included so you know exactly how the cables are made and is for helping you if you prefer to make your own cables. Some peripherals, like those connected to the RS-232 Port, require configuring of jumper options on the ATR8000 circuit board. These options are clearly outlined in Section II.5. Then, when all hardware components are connected and configured, test your system by following the guidelines in Section IV. Section II also details how to connect a RS-232 terminal to the 64k ATR8000. Section V explains how to connect and test components added to the [6] ATR-8000 Manual [6] ATR8000 in the future. The last section, Section VII, contains warranty information and the software license. Complete the enclosed warranty card and return it to us within 10 days to ensure that your ATR8000 is under warranty. Thoroughly read this manual and carefully follow the instructions contained within to connect the ATR8000 and to start your journey into a broader-based microcomputer world. Because the ATR8000 is immensely versatile, the peripherals that can be connected are nearly countless. This means you need to thoroughly read this manual to obtain a complete knowledge for configuring and connecting your system. We suggest reading the entire manual before attempting any connections. Then, when you understand all the stipulations involved, this familiarity will make connecting and configuring the system less confusing. I.1. The ATR8000 System: ATR8000 - the basic unit. It is a 4MHz Z80 double density processor that comes with 16k RAM. This RAM is upgradeable to 64k. The ATR8000 has a COMPUTER IN port for connecting the ATARI 800/400, a PERIPHERAL OUT port for connecting the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable, a parallel PRINTER port, a FLOPPY DISK serial port for connecting disk drives, and a RS-232 port. A cable for connecting the ATR8000 to the ATARI 800/400 is included. THE BACK OF THE ATR8000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | PERIPHERAL OUT COMPUTER | | RS-232 FLOPPY DISK PRINTER ----------- ---------- | | -------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- | | | | | | | | POWER CORD * | | -------- ---------- ---------- |-----| RESET | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64k UPGRADE increases the ATR8000 RAM to 64k. CP/M configured for the ATR8000 is included, along with a separate CP/M manual. Software Publishers, Inc. supplies several double density systems programs for CP/M users. These include DDINIT.COM, DDSYSGEN-COM, DDCOPY.COM, CONFIGUR.COM, DISKDEF.COM, MODEM7.COM and DISKMON.COM (all are explained in the Introduction and in Section III). CP/M is available on both 5 1/4" and 8" disks. OSA+,VERSION 4 - a double density ATARI DOS. This is approximately twice as fast as single density ATARI DOS and stores twice as much data on a disk. A separate manual detailing the use of this DOS is included. This DOS is available on both 5 1/4" and 8" disks. 5 1/4" DISK DRIVES - high-quality drives that have their own power supplies and enclosures. [7] ATR-8000 Manual [7] PRINTER CABLES - we manufacture both serial and parallel printer cables to connect a printer to the ATR8000. STANDARD DRIVE CABLES - daisy chain drive cables that plug into the FLOPPY DISK port in the back of the ATR8000. Available in both 2-connector and 4-connector styles. 8" ADAPTERS - used to connect an 8" drive to the Standard Drive Cable. These special adapters allow you to connect both 5 1/4" and 8" drives on the same cable, letting you run both drives sizes at the same time. I.2. Power Requirements The ATR8000 and all Software Publishers, Inc. peripherals requiring power plug into regular wall sockets (115-120 volts AC). The ATR8000 has a built-in MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) to suppress power surges and keep voltage at a safe level to protect sensitive circuit components. I.3. Protection from Radio Frequency Interference I.3.A. Radio Frequency Interference on Nonconnected Radio-TV The ATR8000 uses and generates radio frequency energy. For this reason it has built-in RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) suppression to filter radio frequency noise. It is possible that the unit could cause interfere-nee to radio or television reception while it is operating. If you think the operating ATR8000 is causing interference, turn the unit off and check to see if the supposed interference still exists. If interference is being caused by the unit, try one or more of the following: - reorient the receiving antenna on the radio or television having reception difficulties. - relocate the computer or radio-television. - if the computer and the radio-television are plugged into the same power circuit, plug the computer into a different power outlet than the radio-television. If you still have difficulties, you can write to the Federal Communications Commission for their pamphlet, "How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems." This is available from the United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No. 004-000-0035-4. I.3.B. Radio Frequency Interference Within the ATR8000 System Proper lacing of the connection cables will eliminate radio frequency problems within the ATR8000 system. If, during system operation [8] ATR-8000 Manual [8] interference occurs on the television used for a monitor, reposition the system's components (i.e., ATARI, ATR8000, drives, etc.). To properly lace cables: 1) Keep all I/O cables away from ATR8000 power cable. 2) Excess wire between the ATARI and the television adapter must be looped properly. Do not circularly coil the cable as this will cause it to act as an antenna! Bind the excess cable as close to the top of the television set as possible. For the proper method of zigzagging the cable, see the diagram below. Then, tie the middle of the bundle together as shown. DIAGRAM 1: Cable Binding for Television TIE HERE --* -------------------*---------------------< To Atari | * -------------------*--------------------- * | -------------------*--------------------- | * -------------------*--------------------- * | -------------------*--------------------- | * -------------------*--------------------- * | TO TV <-------------------*--------------------- * II. Connecting the Hardware To successfully and properly connect the components of the ATR8000 system, carefully read the following subsections. Each subsection details vital connection information. If at first you do not thoroughly understand any of the hardware information, go over the information until you have a working knowledge of the connection stipulations. (For unresolvable difficulties, consult your dealer). It is important to unplug and turn off the power on all of the components before connecting and configuring the ATR8000. If a component is turned off but is still plugged into an electrical socket, you can be electrically shocked. For any connection it is important that the cables are correctly interfaced to the ATR8000. Subsection 1 contains diagrams showing the construction of each type of cable that connects to the ATR8000. Pin 1 on each cable is marked. (On some types of cables, Pin 1 is denoted by a colored wire on an outside edge of the cable.) Subsection 2 contains ATR8000 port information. The order of each port's pins is shown along with a listing of the pin signals. Pin 1 of the port [9] ATR-8000 Manual [9] must be connected to Pin 1 of the interfacing cable. Specific information about disk drives, modems and printers is discussed in Subsection 3. This information MUST be considered before making any connections. Once the first three subsections have been carefully read, the actual connections of the cables are done in Subsection 4. Subsection 4 is divided into several subdivisions that describe interconnecting different amounts and types of peripherals. After the cables have been connected,the ATR8000's jumper options need to be considered. These options and their settings are described in Subsection 5. The next step is internally configuring all of the system's drives to have unique and valid drive numbers. Subsection 6 details this process for various types of drives. Subsection 7 explains the optional connection of an RS-232 serial terminal to the 64k ATR8000 (in place of the ATARI). The 64k ATR8000 and an RS-232 terminal can be used for CP/M operation. After completing this Section, go on to Section III. Software. Then Section 4 will tell how to test the installed ATR8000 system. II.1. Cable Specifications This section contains diagrams that detail the construction of the cables used with the ATR8000 system. If you make your own cables, or purchase cables from a source other than Software Publishers, make sure they are constructed this way. II.1.A. & DIAGRAM 2: RS-232 Serial Printer & Modem Cable ATR8000 Serial Printer/Modem |==|------------------------------------------------|==| | | 25 conductor cable | | | | | | ---- ---- /Pin 1 Red Conductor /O\ |==|------------------------------------------------|==|-Pin 1 | |----- --| | | |---- ---| | | |- -- | | | |-- -| | | | ---- ---| | | |--- --| | |==|------------------------------------------------|==| 26 pin card connector \O/ 25 Pin DB connector [10] ATR-8000 Manual [10] II.1.B. & DIAGRAM 3: Standard Centronics Parallel Printer Cable ATR8000 ---- | | | | Parallel Printer |==|------------------------------------------------|==| 36 conductor cable | | | | ---- /Pin 1 Red Conductor /\/\ \|==|------------------------------------------------|==|-Pin 1 | |----- --| | | |---- ---| | | |- -- | | | |-- -| | | | ---- ---| | | |--- --| | |==|------------------------------------------------|==| 34 pin card connector \/\/ 36 Pin Centronics connector (Diagram 4 omitted) II.1.C. & DIAGRAM 5: Drive cable ATR8000 ---- | | | | Drives |==|----------|==|--------|==|--------|==|--------|==| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ---- ---- ---- ---- |Red Conductor | /Pin 1 /Pin 1 | /Pin 1 /Pin 1 /Pin 1 \ \ v \ \ |==|----------|==|--------|==|--------|==|--------|==| | |----- --| |---- --| |--- --| |--- --| | | |----- --| |--- --| |--- --| |---- --| | | |- -- | |--- --| |--- --| |--- --| | | |-- -| |---- --| |---- --| |----- --| | | | ---- ---| |--- --| |--- - -| |---- --| | | |--- --| |---- --| |---- --| |--- --| | |==|----------|==|--------|==|--------|==|--------|==| 34 pin card connector(5) 34 conductor cable [11] ATR-8000 Manual [11] II.2 ATR8000 Port Specifications This subsection lists the pin information for each of the ATR8000's ports. Supplementary diagrams show the order of the pin numbers on each port's edge connector. II.2.A. RS-232 Port RS-232 Port Pin Information 1. N.C. (not connected) 14. N.C. 2. Transmit Data 15. N.C. 3. Receive Data 16. N.C. 4. Request to Send 17. N.C. 5. Clear to Send 18. N.C. 6. Data Set Ready 19. N.C. 7. Signal Ground 20. DTR 8. Carrier Detect 21. N.C. 9. N.C. 22. Ring Indicator 10. N.C. 23. N.C. 11. Reverse Channel 24. N.C. 12. N.C. 25. N.C. 13. N.C. 26. N.C. When looking at the back of the ATR8000 the RS-232 Port pins are in the order shown below. When interfacing to this port, make sure that Pin 1 on the RS-232 cable is connected to Pin 1 of the port. DIAGRAM 6: RS-232 Port Pin Order 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 --+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 [12] ATR-8000 Manual [12] II.2. B. FLOPPY DISK Port FLOPPY DISK Port Pin Information 1. Ground 18. Direction Select 2. N.C. (3.5" 1.44meg det) 19. gnd 3. gnd 20. Step 4. N.C. (poss. 3.5" 2.88meg det) 21. gnd 5. gnd 22. Write Data 6. Drive Sel 4 23. gnd 7. gnd 24. Write Gate 8. Index 25. gnd 9. gnd 26. Track 00 10. Drive Sel 1 27. gnd 11. gnd 28. Write Protect 12. Drive Sel 2 29. gnd 13. gnd 30. Read Data 14. Drive Sel 3 31. gnd 15. gnd 32. Side Sel 16. Motor On 33. gnd 17. gnd 34. N.C. When looking at the back of the ATR8000, the FLOPPY DISK Port pin numbers are as shown below. When connecting a disk drive cable to the port, make sure that Pin 1 on the cable matches Pin 1 on the port. DIAGRAM 7: FLOPPY DISK Port Pin Order 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 --+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 [13] ATR-8000 Manual [13] II.2.C. PRINTER Port PRINTER Port Pin Information 1. Strobe 18. gnd 2. (Ground) 19. D3 In (*ack) 3. DO Out (Data 0) 20. gnd 4. gnd 21. D7 In(busy) 5. D1 Out 22. gnd 6. gnd 23. D6 In(paper out) 7. D2 Out 24. gnd 8. gnd 25. D5 In(selected) 9. D3 Out 26. N.C.(*prime) 10. gnd 27. gnd 11. D4 Out 28. D4 In (*error) 12. gnd 29. D2 In l3. D5 Out 30. D1 In 14. gnd 31. N.C. 15. D6 Out 32. DO In 16. gnd 33. N.C. 17. D7 Out 34. N.C. When looking at the back of the ATR8000 at the PRINTER Port, the pins are numbered as below. Make sure that you match Pin 1 on the Port with Pin 1 on the cable used to interface into the PRINTER Port. (This is NOT a parallel port as the ATR hardware can only send data. RLD.) DIAGRAM 8: PRINTER PORT Pin Order 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 --+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 [14] ATR-8000 Manual [14] II.3.Peripherals The ATR8000 system is extremely versatile; it interfaces with nearly. any peripheral on the microcomputer market. This means you can connect various types of disk drives, printers and modems to the system. Due to this versatility, connecting peripherals can be complex (depending on what you have acquired). This subsection explains necessary information for connecting some types of peripherals, including the affect of certain peripherals on other components in the system. Carefully read this data. If your equipment requires that several considerations be met to connect the hardware, we suggest making notes to refer to while actually doing the connection (following Section II.4.). II.3.A. Disk Drives The ATR8000 accepts all standard 5 1/4" and 8" disk drives. ATARI 810 and Percom drives can also be used with certain limitations. Disk drive sizes (5 1/4" or 8"), densities (single, double or quad) and type (single or double-sided) can be intermixed. All drives must have their own power supplies. Before connecting drives to the system, familiarize yourself with the following disk drive information. II.3.A1. ATARI 810 Drives ATARI 810 disk drives are nonstandard drives that are only capable of single density operation. These drives can be used with the ATR8000 to run single density ATARI DOS. They can also be used for additional storage (single density) while the system is operating under OSA+, Version 4. (To run OSA+ the system must have at least one standard drive.) They cannot be used when running CP/M. ATARI 810 drives are connected to the ATR8000 on the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable that is connected to the PERIPHERAL OUT Port of the ATR8000. The ATR8000 will run up to four drives of mixed definition. So if one ATARI 810 is connected, three standard drives can also be connected. The drive designated to be Drive 1 is the drive that boots the operating system. A standard 5 1/4" drive can boot all three DOSes (ATARI, OSA+, and CP/M), whereas an ATARI 810 can only run single density and, therefore, can only boot ATARI DOS. You could reconfigure the system and change the numbering of the drives to boot different DOSes (having an 810 be Drive 1 for ATARI DOS, and because of this, if you are going to operate under OSA+ or CP/M (and, therefore, have at least one standard disk drive), we suggest that any 810 drives be designated as the highest drive numbers to avoid drive renumbering. (Changing the numbers of the drives requires that you reconfigure them internally. See Section II.6) If you have ATARI 810 drives and 8" drives, being able to boot all three [15] ATR-8000 Manual [15] DOSes from the same drive becomes more complex. For the stipulations involved, refer to Section II.3. A4. II.3.A2. Percom Drives ATARI Controller Drives: A Percom ATARI controller drive can be used with the ATR8000 with some limitations. To operate ATARI DOS or OSA+, it can be connected (with no alterations) to the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable that connects to the PERIPHERAL OUT Port of the ATR8000, or it can be used as standard disk drive if the Percom ATARI controller board is disconnected and the drivers controller board is connected to the Standard Drive Cable (which connects to the FLOPPY DISK Port of the ATR8000). To run CP/M, the Percom ATARI controller board must be disconnected. Use a screwdriver to take the screws out of the Percom drive enclosure and take the cover off. The Percom ATARI controller drive is shown in the diagram on the opposite page. Notice that when looking at the front of the drive (where the RFD light is to the right side of the drive), the drivers controller board is on the left side of the drive (it is roughly 511 by 511) and the Percom ATARI controller board is on the right side of the drive (it is a larger card, roughly 5" by 8"). An internal cable connects the Percom controller board to the drivers controller board, then this cable connects from the drivers controller board to the connector on the back of the drive enclosure. To use the Percom ATARI controller drive as a standard drive, first disconnect the cable from the drivers controller board. Now bring a connector on a Standard Drive Cable into the drive enclosure, and connect it to the edge connector on the drivers controller board (matching Pin 1s). Then thread the cable out the back of the drive. For now, leave the cover off, as later you will learn how to internally configure the drive for drive number. Percom ATARI Add-on Drives: Percom ATARI add-on drives are standard disk drives. They have an internal cable that connects the edge connector of the drivers controller board to the pin connector on the outer edge of the drive. Remove the drivers cover and disconnect this cable and plug the Standard Drive Cable onto the edge connector of the drivers controller board. Leave the drivers cover off until the drive is configured for drive number, late@ in this section. II.3.A3. Using all 5 1/4" Drives Connecting standard 5 1/4" drives with or without ATARI 810 drives is fairly straightforward. An ATARI 810 drive can only boot single density [16] ATR-8000 Manual [16] ATARI DOS, whereas a standard 5 1/4" drive can boot ATARI DOS, OSA+ and CP/M. Therefore, when assigning drive numbers for a system that consists of a mixture of these two types of drives, it is best to set the standard drives as the lower drive numbers and ATARI drives as the higher drive numbers. (Remember that the system is booted from Drive 1.) Due to different interfaces, ATARI 810 drives and standard drives are connected on different cables. ATARI 810 drives are interfaced to the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable which is connected to the PERIPHERAL OUT Port of the ATR8000. Standard drives are connected to the Standard Drive Cable which is connected to the FLOPPY DISK Port of the ATR8000. You must be careful to have unique drive numbers assigned to the drives. For example, if standard drives are designated as Drive 1 and Drive 2, an 810 drive must be either Drive 3 or Drive 4. (On the Standard Drive Cable there must be a drive connected on the connector that is furthest from the ATR8000 port connector. This drive can be configured to be any drive number.) After you decide on drive numbers and follow the correct hardware connection section, Subsection 6 tells how to internally set the drive for drive number. II.3.A4. 8" Drives ATARI 810s and 8" Drives: ATARI 810 drives are connected to the PERIPHERAL OUT Port of the ATR8000 on the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable. Standard 8" drives are connected to the FLOPPY DISK Port of the ATR8000 using the Standard Drive Cable and one 8" adapter board for each 8" drive. Mixing ATARI 810 drives and standard 8" drives requires some preconnecting decisions. An ATARI 810 will not boot OSA+ or CP/M and a standard 8" drive cannot boot a 5 1/4" ATARI DOS disk. There are two options: 1) An ATARI 810 can be set as Drive 1 to boot ATARI DOS, with the 8" drives set as higher drive numbers. To boot OSA+ or CP/M the drives would have to be renumbered so that an 8" drive is Drive 1. This means to switch between these DOSes, you have to reset the configuration of the drives. (Drives are set for drive number internally. See Section II.6. for details.). 2)Initially an ATARI 810 can be set as Drive 1 and an 8" drive set as Drive 2. Then ATARI DOS can be copied to an 8" disk (instructions are in Section III. Software). LIMITATION: This does limit the use of the 8" drive the DOS is run from. ATARI DOS formats by sectors. An 8" disk has 2002 sectors (single density), whereas a 5 1/4" disk has 720. ATARI DOS running on an 8" disk will only use the first 720 sectors of the 2002 available on the 8" disk. Although ATARI DOS on an 8" disk doesn't give full access to the disk, it does save you from having to renumber the drives when switching DOSes. After the ATARI DOS is transferred to an 8" disk, renumber (and internally configure the drives) so that Drive 1 is an 8" drive. To connect an 8" drive to the Standard Drive Cable, plug the 50- pin connector on the 8" drive adapter board into the edge card connector on the drive, with the adapter board's connector on the upper side of the adapter [17] ATR-8000 Manual [17] circuit board. Then plug a connector on the Standard Drive Cable into the 34-pin edge connector of the adapter board. II.3.A4A. ATARI 810s, 5 1/4", and 8" Drives Before reading on, read the above information on ATARI 810 drives and standard 8" drives. The considerations for connecting all three of types of drives becomes complex, so after reading the above subsection, carefully read the following information. To eliminate unnecessary drive renumbering, we suggest that all operating systems be on the same disk size (5 1/4" or 8"). This enables the same drive to boot all three DOSes. If you have all three types of drives, a standard 5 1/4" drive is the best drive for running all three operating systems because it can boot both single and double density and it utilizes all available disk space on the disk in Drive 1. For users that only run OSA+ and CP/M, an 8" drive is equally qualified to run both DOSes as each is available on an 8" disk and both DOSes will use all available disk space. ATARI DOS can be transferred to an 8" disk (with limitations explained in Section II.3. A4. and in the Software Section). So an 8" drive could be Drive 1 for all DOSes. If your DOSes are on different disk sizes, the drives will have to be renumbered to boot the different systems. Drive 1 must be used to boot. It is better to have the same drive boot all DOSes. II.3.B. Modems Standard modems can be connected to the RS-232 Port of the ATR8000. Custom Modem Software for using a standard modem for ATARI DOS, OSA+ and CP/M will be available soon. To use a modem with the ATR8000 (or to connect any peripheral to the RS-232 Port), you must configure J12 on the circuit board of the ATR8000. This jumper option is explained in detail in Section II.5.D. RS-232 Configuring. II.3.B1. ATARI 830 Modems The ATARI 830 modem can be used in two ways. It can be connected to the RS-232 Port of the ATR8000 and run using our Custom Modem Software, or it can be interfaced through the ATARI 850 Interface Module. If it is connected to the 850, the 850 is connected between the ATARI and the COMPUTER IN Port of the ATR8000. Using an 830 Modem through the 850 affects the printing operation of the ATR8000. The ATARI 850 Interface Module and the ATR8000 both respond to printer signals. As long as the 850 is interfaced to the ATR8000 system, the printer must be connected to the 850 and a special program (PRINTOFF.BAS) must be run to disable the ATR8000's printer signals. [18] ATR-8000 Manual [18] The ATARI 830 Modem cannot be used under CP/M if it is connected to the 850 (no peripheral can), neither can a printer be used for CP/M operation if it is connected to the 850. These are the stipulations: 1)To use an 830 Modem with the 850 interface, it can operate for ATARI DOS or OSA+. The modem cannot be used for CP/M until it is disconnected from the 850 and directly connected to the ATR8000. 2)When using the 830 Modem and the 850, the printer must be connected to the 850 and the printer function of the ATR8000 must be disabled using PRINTOFF.BAS (PRINTOFF.BAS is listed in Section III.1.B1). Only 80 column printers will function --the ATARI 820/822 printers will not interface with the 850. The printer will not print under CP/M until the printer is directly connected to the ATR8000 and the 850 is disconnected from the system. II.3.B2. The D.C. Hayes Smart Modem Purchasers of the Software Publishers's ATR8000 64k upgrade receive MODEM7.COM, a program for operating the D.C. Hayes Smart Modem from the RS-232 Port of the ATR8000. This program from the CP/M user's group, has been rewritten specifically for the ATR8000. It is only for CP/M modem operation. To run this modem, Jumper Option 12 on the ATR8000 circuit board must be properly configured. Instructions for doing this are in Section II.5.D. II.3.C. Printers The ATR8000's PRINTER Port is a parallel port. Serial printers are connected to the RS-232 Port (J12 must be configured for any peripheral connected to the RS-232 Port). Certain printers can also be connected to the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable or to the ATARI 850 Interface Module. II.3.C1. A 40 Column Printer: an ATARI 820 or 822 ATARI 820/822 printers can be used for printing under ATARI DOS or OSA+ when connected to the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable. Before printing, the printer function of the ATR8000 must be disabled by running PRINTOFF.BAS (listed in Section III.l. Bl). ATARI 820/822 printers cannot be connected if an ATARI 850 Interface Module is connected to the system. A 40 column printer cannot be used for CP/M printing. II.3.C2. 80 Column Printers if an ATARI 850 is not Interfaced into the System (or 132 Column Printers) A parallel 80 column (or 132 column) printer is connected to the PRINTER Port of the ATR8000. A serial 80 column (or 132 column) printer is connected to the RS-232 Port of the ATR8000 (and J12 is configured). Normal print commands for ATARI DOS, OSA+ and CP/M all function. [19] ATR-8000 Manual [19] II.3.C3. 80 Column Printers if an ATARI 850 is Interfaced into the System (or 132 Column Printers) If an ATARI 850 Interface Module is connected to the ATR8000 system, the printer must be connected to the 850 to print under ATARI DOS or OSA+ and PRINTOFF.BAS must be run to disable the ATR8000's printer function (PRINTOFF.BAS is listed in Section III.1. B1). The 850 must be disconnected to print under CP/M and the printer must be connected directly to the ATR8000. II.4. The Connection Before connecting the ATR8000, the ATARI and your other components together, you should have already read Subsections 1 - 3. If you have not done so, do that before continuing. You now know the stipulations involved for connecting your equipment. It may be helpful to refer to the above subsections during the connection procedure. When you have made all the connections, DO NOT REPOWER THE SYSTEM UNTIL YOU HAVE READ AND COMPLETED ALL SUBSECTIONS IN THIS HARDWARE CONNECTION SECTION. Before attempting any connections, thoroughly read the following subsections, then choose the section that best describes your equipment. Tip: Peripherals directly connected to the ATR8000 are more efficient, especially in the CP/M mode. This is because CP/M software is more sophisticated, allowing faster printing, better modem transmission and faster disk I/O. II.4.A. ATARI, ATR8000, 1+ Standard Drives, ATR8000 Cable, Standard Drive Gable, One 8" Adapter for Each 8" Drive Connecting the above equipment is straightforward. When mixing 5 1/4" and 8" drives, decide which drive will be Drive 1 (the drive from which the system is booted). For help refer to Section II.3.A. All 8" drives must have an adapter that connects them to the Standard Drive Cable. Plug the adapter's 50-pin connector onto the drive (with the connector on the upper side of the adapter board) and plug the Standard Drive Cable's connector into the adapter's 34-pin edge connector. Refer to Section II.1. to learn which pin on each cable is Pin 1. Refer to Section II.2. to learn which pin on each port is Pin 1. In connecting cables, make sure that Pin 1 on the cable is connected to Pin 1 on the Port. MAKE SURE THAT THE POWER IS TURNED OFF AND THE ATR8000 IS UNPLUGGED BEFORE MAKING ANY CONNECTIONS. DO NOT REPOWER THE SYSTEM BEFORE YOU HAVE COMPLETED ALL SUBSECTIONS IN SECTION II. DIAGRAM 10A:The ATR8000 back panel(see I.1.) [20] ATR-8000 Manual [20] DIAGRAM 10B: Making the Connections (for II.4.A.) SIO Cable Standard Drive Cable |-----| |------------------------------| |-----| | |-+-+-++-++-++-| |------|------|------|-| | |<-| | | | | | | | | | | D1 D2 D3 D4 |-----| |--------------| 5 1/4", 8", or 3.5" Atari ATR8000(top) CONNECTIONS: The ATARI is connected from the peripheral port on the side of the ATARI 800/400 to COMPUTER IN on the ATR8000, using the ATR8000 cable. The Standard Drive Cable connects from the FLOPPY DISK Port of the ATR8000 to the drives. A 4-connector Standard Drive Cable is pictured. Connection using the 2- connector cable is the same. TO AVOID INTERFERENCE WITHIN THE SYSTEM, KEEP ALL I/O CABLES AWAY FROM THE ATR8000's POWER CORD. There must be a drive connected on the Standard Drive Cable's connector that is furthest from the ATR8000 connector (where Drive 1 is pictured above). The above diagram shows one method of drive numbering; drive numbers can be set in any order -- they do not have to be 1,2,3,4; they could be 4,3,2,1 or any other combination. Section II.6. explains this in greater detail and tells how to internally configure drives for drive number. When all peripherals and cables are connected, go to Section II.5. II.4.B. ATARI, ATR8000, 1+ Standard Drives, 1+ ATARI 810 Drives, ATR8000 Cable, ATARI Daisy Chain Cable, Standard Drive Cable, One Adapter for Each 8" Drive. Information on mixing types of drives is in Section II.3. Cable information is in Section II.1. ATR8000 Port information is in Section II.2. Familiarize yourself with all the above information before making any connections. For a detailed diagram showing, the locations of the ATR8000's ports, refer to DIAGRAM I.1. MAKE SURE THAT THE POWER IS TURNED OFF AND THE ATR8000 IS UNPLUGGED BEFORE MAKING ANY CONNECTIONS. DO NOT REPOWER THE SYSTEM BEFORE YOU HAVE COMPLETED ALL SUBSECTIONS IN SECTION II. [21] ATR-8000 Manual [21] DIAGRAM 10C: Making the Connections (for II.4.B.) Atari SIO Cable(Daisy Chain) |--------------------------------| | |-------|------|------|-------| --|--|--|--| | | | | | 5 6 7 8 | A B C D (Atari drives only) | SIO Cable | Standard Drive Cable |-----| | |------------------------------| |-----| | |-+-+-++-++-++-| |------|------|------|-| | |<-| | | | | | | | | | | A B C D |-----| |--------------| Atari ATR8000(top) The ATARI Daisy Chain Cable Standard Drive Cable and the Standard Drive Cable are shown for concept only. There can only be a total of four drives(one for each letter position A, B, C, D). Each cable could have any number of connectors and/or as drive numbers are set internally (see Section II.6.). IMPORTANT: There can only be one drive in each drive position. For example, if a drive is connected as Drive 1 on the Standard Drive Cable, a drive cannot be configured to be Drive 1 on the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable. There must be a drive connected on the Standard Drive Cable's last connector (connector furthest from the ATR8000, Drive 1 above). CONNECTIONS: The ATARI is connected from its peripheral port (on the right side of the ATARI computer console) to the COMPUTER IN Port of the ATR8000, using the ATR8000 cable. The ATARI Daisy Chain Cable connects to the PERIPHERAL OUT Port on the ATR8000. The Standard Drive Cable connects to the FLOPPY DISK Port of the ATR8000. KEEP ALL I/O CABLES AWAY FROM THE ATR8000 POWER CORD. After connecting all peripherals, go to Section II.5. and then to the other subsections in Section II. DO NOT REPOWER THE ATR8000 SYSTEM UNTIL ALL SEVEN SUBSECTIONS OF THE HARDWARE CONNECTION SECTION HAVE BEEN COMPLETED. II.4.C. ATARI, ATR8000, 1+ Standard Drives, 1+ ATARI 810 Drives, Printer, Modem, ATARI 850 Box, ATR8000 Cable, Standard Drive Cable, ATARI Daisy Chain Cable, One 8" Adapter for Each 8" Drive. There are many ways to connect all or most of the above equipment. Before reading this section, read Section II.3. to learn about all the peripherals and the best way to connect them. Also read Sections II.1. and II.2. to learn where Pin 1 is located on both the cables and the ports. Pin 1s must match for proper connections. Follow the diagram below that best matches your equipment. [22] ATR-8000 Manual [22] MAKE SURE THAT THE POWER IS TURNED OFF AND THE ATR8000 IS UNPLUGGED BEFORE MAKING ANY CONNECTIONS. DO NOT REPOWER THE SYSTEM BEFORE YOU HAVE COMPLETED ALL SUBSECTIONS IN SECTION II. II.4.C1. Connection Without the 850 DIAGRAM 10D: Making the Connections (for II.4.C1.) Atari SIO Cable(Daisy Chain) |--------------------------------| | |-------|------|------|-------| --|--|--|--| | | | | | 5 6 7 8 | A B C D (Atari drives only) | | |-Parallel Printer | | SIO Cable | | Standard Drive Cable |-----| | | |---------------------------------| | | | | | |---| | |-----| | |-+-+-++-++-++-| | |------|------|------|-| | |<-| | | | | | | | | | | | | A B C D |-----| |--------------| | Atari ATR8000(top) |-Modem NOTES: If you connect a serial printer, the modem will have to be disconnected to use the printer. To use both peripherals at the same time, connect a parallel printer. There can only be a total of four disk drives. ATARI 810 drives and standard drives are configured for drive number by setting internal switches. The drive cables showing four connectors are only for concept. There must be a drive connected to the last connector on the Standard Drive Cable (Drive 1 above). CONNECTIONS: The ATARI is connected to the COMPUTER IN Port of the ATR8000, using the ATR8000 cable. The ATARI Daisy Chain Cable is connected to the PERIPHERAL OUT Port of the ATR8000. The Parallel Printer Cable is connected to the PRINTER Port (a parallel port). The Standard Drive Cable is connected to the FLOPPY DISK Port. The modem is connected to the RS-232 Port. KEEP ALL I/O CABLES AWAY FROM THE POWER CORD OF THE ATR8000. After making all connections, go to Section II.5. and continue following all other subsections in Section II before repowering the system. [23] ATR-8000 Manual [23] II.4.C2. Connection With the 850 The 830 ATARI Modem can be connected to the ATARI 850 Interface Module instead of to the ATR8000. However, to be used with CP/M, peripherals must be directly connected to the ATR8000, not through an 850. (Reread Section II.3. for further details.) The ATARI is connected to the 850 which is connected to the ATR8000 COMPUTER IN Port. Then, the modem is connected to the 850. MAKE SURE THAT THE POWER IS TURNED OFF AND THE ATR8000 IS UNPLUGGED BEFORE MAKING ANY CONNECTIONS. DO NOT REPOWER THE SYSTEM BEFORE YOU HAVE COMPLETED ALL SUBSECTIONS IN SECTION II. DIAGRAM l0E: Making the Connections (for II.4.C2.) ---------| |-----------| Parallel |---|-------|------->| 830 Modem | Printer | | 850 | |-----------| ---------| |-------| | | Atari SIO |--|--|--|--| | | |---------------| 1 2 3 4 |-----| | | Cable Atari Drives | | | | | | Standard Drive Cable | | | |------------------------------| |-----| | |-+-+-++-++-++-| |------|------|------|-| | |<-| | | | | | | | | | | A B C D |-----| |--------------| 5 1/4" or 8" Drives Atari ATR8000(top) NOTE: Only ATARI DOS and OSA+ printing can be done when the printer is connected to the 850. The 850 must be disconnected and the printer must be connected to the ATR8000 Drives for CP/M printing. NOTE: For CP/M a modem must be connected directly to the ATR8000. Remember that the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable and the Standard Drive Cable are shown only for concept. Drive numbering is done internally. There must be a drive connected on the last connector on the Standard Drive Cable (Drive 1 above). Drive numbers must be unique. CONNECTIONS: The ATARI is connected to the 850 which is connected to the COMPUTER IN Port of the ATR8000. The 830 Modem is connected to the 850. The ATARI Daisy Chain Cable is connected to the PERIPHERAL OUT Port. The parallel printer is connected to the 850. The Standard Drive Cable is connected to the FLOPPY DISK Port. KEEP ALL I/O CABLES AWAY FROM THE ATR8000's POWER CORD. [24] ATR-8000 Manual [24] II.4.C3. Connecting a 40 Column Printer A 40 column printer is connected on the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable. The 810 drive (or drives) are also on this cable. Remember that a 40 column printer cannot be used with CP/M. Make sure that Pin 1 on each cable is connected to Pin 1 on the port the cable connects to. See Sections II.1. and II.2. for details. MAKE SURE THAT THE POWER IS TURNED OFF AND THE ATR8000 IS UNPLUGGED BEFORE MAKING ANY CONNECTIONS. DO NOT REPOWER THE SYSTEM BEFORE YOU HAVE COMPLETED ALL SUBSECTIONS IN SECTION II. DIAGRAM 1OF: Making the Connections (for II.4.C3.) Atari SIO Cable(Daisy Chain) |--------------------------------| | |------|-------| | | | | Drive 820/822 Printer | SIO Cable | Standard Drive Cable |-----| | |------------------------------| |-----| | |-+-+-++-++-++-| |------|------|------|-| | |<-| | | | | | | | | | | A B C D |-----| |--------------| Atari ATR8000(top) NOTE: The 820/822 can only be used to print under ATARI DOS or OSA+. CONNECTIONS: The ATARI is connected to the COMPUTER IN Port of the ATR8000, using the ATR8000 cable. The ATARI Daisy Chain Cable is connected to the PERIPHERAL OUT Port. The Standard Drive Cable is connected to the FLOPPY DISK Port. After making all connections, go to Section II.5. and continue following all other subsections in Section II before repowering the system. II.4.D. Other Connections If your equipment does not directly match one of the above connection sections, then merge the portions of the various sections that describe your equipment. Follow the guidelines for limitations that some connections will incur. As a rule, whenever possible, connect directly to the ports of the ATR8000. [25] ATR-8000 Manual [25] II.5. ATR8000 Jumper Options Diagram 11: Jumper locations _________ _______ _______ ------------------------------| | | | | | | |--|printer|---|disk |-----|rs232| J10 J12 J7 J6 J8 J5 J9 J4 J11 J3 J1 J2 -------------------------| |------------------------------------- The circuit board of the ATR8000 has 12 jumper options. For the positions of these jumper options, refer to the diagram of the circuit board in DIAGRAM 11. Before making any jumper changes, turn the ATR8000's power off and unplug the unit. The jumper options and the meaning of the configurations are explained below. II.5. A. 16k or 64k -- J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J8 These jumper options determine whether the ATR8000 has 16k or 64k of RAM. The following diagram shows the proper configuration for each. A bar between two points indicates a connection; no bar means the space is open. The default for these jumpers is for 16k of RAM. If you purchased a 16k ATR8000, these default connections are traces on the circuit board. DIAGRAM 12: 16 or 64k -- J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J8 For 16k ATR8000: J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J8 o--o 1o o2 o o o o o o 3o--o4 | | | | 5o--o6 o o o o For 64k ATR8000: J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J8 o o 1o--o2 o o o o o--o 3o o4 5o o6 o o o o Notice that the 64k jumpers are the exact opposite of the 16k jumpers. If [26] ATR-8000 Manual [26] you are changing the ATR8000 from 16k to 64k, cut the circuit board traces, making sure to fully break the traces, then make the proper jumper connections. Further instructions for converting the ATR8000 to 64k are in Section V.1. TURN THE POWER OFF THE ATR8000 AND UNPLUG IT BEFORE MAKING ANY CHANGES. DO NOT TURN THE POWER BACK ON THE SYSTEM UNTIL ALL JUMPERS CHANGES ARE COMPLETED AND DOUBLE-CHECKED FOR ACCURACY. IF YOU DO NOT MAKE THESE CHANGES PROPERLY, THE ATR8000 MAY BE DAMAGED. II.5.B. ATARI or RS-232 Terminal -- J7, J10 The configurations of these jumpers depend on whether an ATARI or an RS-232 terminal is connected to the ATR8000 at the COMPUTER IN Port. An RS-232 terminal may be connected (in place of the ATARI) to the 64k ATR8000. (There are no handshake lines for the RS-232 terminal.) For other information about connecting an RS-232 terminal, refer to Section II.7. The standard ATR8000 circuit board is configured for the ATARI. DIAGRAM 13: ATARI or RS-232 Terminal -- J7, J10 ATARI: J7 J10 1o o2 1o | | | 3o o4 2o 5o o6 3o RS-232 Terminal: J7 J10 1o o2 1o 3o o4 2o | | | 5o o6 3o To convert the ATR8000 to connect a RS-232 terminal, cut the "ATARI" traces on the circuit board, making sure to fully break the traces, then make the proper jumper connections. TURN THE POWER OFF THE ATR8000 AND UNPLUG IT BEFORE MAKING ANY CHANGES. DO NOT TURN THE POWER BACK ON THE SYSTEM UNTIL ALL JUMPERS CHANGES ARE COMPLETED AND DOUBLE-CHECKED FOR ACCURACY. IF YOU DO NOT MAKE THESE CHANGES PROPERLY, THE ATR8000 MAY BE DAMAGED. If you plan to switch between using an ATARI and a RS-232 terminal with the ATR8000, use a 3 pole double pole switch. II.5.C. 2k or 4k Operating ROM -- J9 This jumper option relates to the operating ROM. The ATR8000 comes with a 4k operating ROM, so the default configuration is set for the 4k ROM. [27] ATR-8000 Manual [27] DIAGRAM 14: 2k or 4k Operating ROM -- J9 4k (2732): J9 o o-o 1 2 3 2k (2716): J9 o-o o 1 2 3 II.5.D. RS-232 Configuring -- J12 This is the most complex of the jumper options. The configuration of this jumper option depends on what peripheral is run from the RS-232 Port of the ATR8000. Look at the diagram of J12 below. DIAGRAM 15: RS-232 Configuring -- J12 DB 25 Pins Ring Detect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 Signal Ground - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 J12 --------------- Computer Handshake In |1 o-| o 16| - - - 11 | | | (out) |2 |-o | o 15| - - - 20 | | | | (in) |3 | o-| o 14| - - - 8 | | | | (in) |4 | o o 13| - - - 6 | | | | (in) |5 | o o 12| - - - 5 | | | Computer Handshake Out |6 |-o o 11| - - - 4 | | Receive Data |7 o o 10| - - - 3 | | Transmit Data |8 o o 9| - - - 2 --------------- ATR8000 computer DB25 connector pins [28] ATR-8000 Manual [28] Notice that the left side of J12 (Pins 1-8) has ATR8000 signals coming into it. When pins from the left side are connected to pins on the right side of J12 (Pins 9-16), the signals are sent across the jumper option to go to the DB 25 connector that interfaces the peripheral to the RS-232 Port. The configuration of J12 depends upon what the connected RS-232 peripheral needs. Some sample configurations are shown below. To connect a peripheral not listed below, consult the connection section of that peripherals manual to see what signals need to be interfaced. Rely on the diagram above to see what pins of the DB 25 connector are connected to Pins 9-16 of J12. The default for J12 is configured to run an Epson serial printer. BEFORE MAKING ANY CHANGES, TURN OFF THE POWER AND UNPLUG THE ATR8000. DIAGRAM 15A: Configuration of J12 to Connect an Epson Serial Printer (the Default) J12 --------------- Computer Handshake In |1 o o 16| - - - 11 | | (out) |2 o\ /o 15| - - - 20 | X | (in) |3 o/ \o 14| - - - 8 | | (in) |4 o o 13| - - - 6 | | (in) |5 o o 12| - - - 5 | | Computer Handshake Out |6 o o 11| - - - 4 | | Receive Data |7 o\ /o 10| - - - 3 | X | Transmit Data |8 o/ \o 9| - - - 2 --------------- [29] ATR-8000 Manual [29] DIAGRAM 15B:Configuration of J12 to Connect a RS-232 Terminal to the RS-232 Port to Communicate with the ATARI J12 --------------- Computer Handshake In |1 o o 16| - - - 11 | | (out) |2 o o 15| - - - 20 | | (in) |3 o o 14| - - - 8 | | (in) |4 o o 13| - - - 6 | | (in) |5 o o 12| - - - 5 | | Computer Handshake Out |6 o o 11| - - - 4 | | Receive Data |7 o\ /o 10| - - - 3 | X | Transmit Data |8 o/ \o 9| - - - 2 --------------- DIAGRAM 15C: Configuration of J12 to Connect the D.C. Hayes Smart Modem to the RS-232 Port J12 --------------- Computer Handshake In |1 o o 16| - - - 11 | | (out) |2 o---o 15| - - - 20 | | (in) |3 o---o 14| - - - 8 | | (in) |4 o o 13| - - - 6 | | (in) |5 o o 12| - - - 5 | | Computer Handshake Out |6 o o 11| - - - 4 | | Receive Data |7 o---o 10| - - - 3 | | Transmit Data |8 o---o 9| - - - 2 --------------- II.5.E. Undefined -- J11 This jumper option is not defined at this time. If you plan to use burg pins and shunts on any jumper options and aren't sure what they look like, [30] ATR-8000 Manual [30] look at J11 as it has burg pins and a shunt in it. DIAGRAM 16: Undefined -- J11 J11 o o II.6. Internal Drive Configuring (10/00 RLD)Much of the following has been made moot as most new 5 1/4" and 3.5" drives set these items automatically. Usually, just the drive I.D. needs to be set. In rare cases, the only choices are master(M=1) and slave(S=2). This subsection details how to internally configure drives that are connected to the ATR8000. Before turning the power on the ATR8000 system, first follow these instructions for "setting up" your disk drives. (You should have decided drive numbers as you connected the drives in Subsection 4 above.) II.6.A. 5 1/4" Drives: The following diagram is for reference purposes. It shows the position of the terminating resistor pack and jumper options in a Tandon 5 1/4" disk drive. Your drives may be a different brand (i.e., Shugart, MPI, etc.) but they will have these components in a similar position. DIAGRAM 17: Locations for Internal Drive Configuring FRONT |------------------------------------- | | | | |------------| | | |||||||| | Jumpers | |------------| | | |-------| Terminating Resistor Pack | |-------| | | |-| |------------| |--------------------------- (data) (power) (Connector) BACK [31] ATR-8000 Manual [31] Terminating Resistor Pack: The drive that is connected to the last connector on the Standard Drive Cable (the drive connector furthest from the ATR8000; the 2nd connector on the 2-connector cable,the 4th on the 4- connector cable) must have a terminating resistor pack in it. No other disk drive on the cable should have a terminating resistor pack, if they do, remove the pack and store it. (This should be in a socket.) The last connector on the cable should always have a drive connected to it. If you only have one drive on this cable, plug it into the last connector and leave the middle connectors open. Diagram 17 shows the location of this resistor pack for a Tandon disk drive. If you have a different brand of drive, look for it in a similar position (it should be socketed), or consult the operating manual for the drive for the location. Jumper Options: Each drive must have the jumper options set correctly. The location of the jumper options on a Tandon drive are shown on the previous page. The drivers circuit board should be marked for options. The following are the options for a Tandon drive. DIAGRAM 18: Jumper Options for 5 1/4" Drives --u-- | o | HS------ Head Load with Drive Select | o | DS0 ---- Drive Select 0 (for Drive 1) | o | DS1 ---- Drive Select 1 (for Drive 2) | o | DS2 ---- Drive Select 2 (for Drive 3) | o | DS3 ---- Drive Select 3 (for Drive 4) | o | MX------ Multiplex | o | Spare--- No function | o | HM------ Head Load with Motor On ----- On most drives, the jumper options have a dip shunt connecting them. This is a "box" that has a plugged hole at each option, connecting signals from the incoming side of the box to the outgoing side. Punching out a hole (disconnecting the connection) disengages that option. A plug in the hole means that the option is active. You may want to remove this dip shunt and replace it with a dip switch shunt. This box will have switches that are set to the left or to the right, turning an option on or off. This type of shunt makes it easier to renumber a drive, whereas, the straight dip shunt is harder to change. Before setting these jumper options, determine what the drive number of each drive will be. (You should have already decided this in making the hardware connections.) There must be a drive connected to the last connector on the Standard Drive Cable. It can be set to be any drive number. [32] ATR-8000 Manual [32] Look at the following example: DIAGRAM 19: Drive Numbering #1 ATR8000---------------------------| | | | | D1 or D2 The drive on the last connector of the 4-connector cable shown, could be set to be either Drive 1 or Drive 2. Select the numbering system (i.e., 1,2,3,4 or 4,3,2,1) that suits you. It may help to place a small sticker on the front of each drive to indicate the drive number. The cable can also be looped so that the last connector on the cable is connected to Drive 1 and the drive numbers are in ascending order: DIAGRAM 20: Drive Numbering #2 ATR8000---------------------------| |----|----|----| | | | | D1 D2 Regardless of the order you choose to number the drives, the drive on the last connector must have the terminating resistor pack in it. (Drive 1 in DIAGRAM 20.) A Tandon drive (5 1/4") needs the following options set active (plugs in): HN and one of the four Drive Selects. (Be careful to set unique drive numbers. Remember that a standard drive cannot have the same number assigned to an 810 on the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable). All other options need to be off (if using a dip shunt, the hole needs to be punched out). If using multiple drives, it is important that MX is open because this allows the input/output lines to be multiplexed. Special Considerations for 5 1/4" Drives: Some Tandon and MPI disk drives do not have head load solenoids. For these drives, only set a drive select to be active. [33] ATR-8000 Manual [33] II.6.A1. Radio Shack Drives: Some Radio Shack drives are nonstandard. The TRS 80 Model I drives have Drive Select 3 connected where side select is connected on standard microfloppies. This needs to be changed. There will be a blue wire connecting DS 3 to Pin 32 on a conductor pad of the drivers edge connector. (Follow the trace wire from the jumper option to the edge connector.) This wire needs to be disconnected and soldered to the pad going to Pin 6 of the edge connector. [Our system uses conductor 32 for side select. This is shown in the FLOPPY DISK Port definitions in Section II.2.B.] If using a Radio Shack drive cable,drives are configured differently than described above. Their cables are constructed so that drive select is determined by the connectors on the cable. Their first connector makes the drive plugged into it Drive 1, the second Drive 2, and so on. Because the drive number is determined by position on the cable, all four drive selects are plugged active on all the drives. This way, any drive can be reconnected to another connector without changing jumper options. When using TRS-80 Model I drives on a non-Radio Shack cable, use standard configurations. External Model III drives are standard drives, i.e., the DS 3 and Side Select are in the standard positions. II.6.A2. ATARI 810 Drives: When using ATARI 810 drives with the ATR8000, connect them to the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable. Decide what drive numbers the drives will be and consult the ATARI 810 drive manual for instructions on how to configure the 810 to be a particular drive number. MAKE SURE THAT YOU DO NOT HAVE MORE THAN ONE ATARI OR STANDARD DRIVE ASSIGNED FOR EACH POSSIBLE DRIVE NUMBER (1-4). II.6.A3. Percom Drives: Percom ATARI Controller drives can be used on the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable for operating under ATARI or OSA+ DOSes. To operate under CP/M, unplug the controller card, then connect the drive to the Standard Drive Cable, plugging the cable's connector onto the edge connector of the drive. (Detailed information and a diagram are in Section II.3.2.) Percom add-on drives are standard drives. For information about internally configuring the drive for drive number, consult the Percom ATARI Controller manual. II.6.B. 8" Drives: 8" drives are configured like 5 1/4" drives. The terminal resistor information is the same as for 5 1/4", drives. Refer to the 5 1/4" internal configuring information for details. Rather than having the jumper options in one place (like the 5 1/4" drives),8" drives have these options in segments in different locations on the board. For their locations, consult a drive manual. As with the 5 1/4" drives, one drive select needs to be active for each drive. [34] ATR-8000 Manual [34] 8" Drive Configurations for Shugart 800s and 801s: For this description, jumper means connected (active), open means disconnected. Jumper Tl, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 on the drive connected to the last connector on the cable. These are the terminating resistors. (T2 is the drive select pullup resistor.) On all other drives, jumper T2 and leave Tl, T3, T4, T5 and T6 open. Jumper one drive select (DS 1 , DS 2, DS 3, or DS 4), have the others open. Open B. Jumper HL, Z, A, C, X*. Jumpering X with B open allows the heads to stay loaded when the system switches between drives. This saves head wear-and-tear and quiets the drive noise caused by head- banging. It is possible to Jumper B and Open X. If your power supply can only handle one drive at a time, do not have X jumpered and B open or you'll blow the power supply. If the power supply can only handle one drive at a time, Jumper B and Open X. II.7. Connecting a RS-232 Terminal to the ATR8000 A RS-232 terminal may be connected to the 64k ATR8000 in place of the ATARI. A terminal will run CP/M software. (Since it is not an ATARI, it will not run ATARI DOS or OSA+.) To connect a terminal, follow the steps below. STEP 1: Turn off the power on the ATR8000 and unplug it from the electrical socket before continuing. STEP 2: Make the changes in J7 and J10 as shown in Section II.5.B. If you plan to switch back and forth between using the ATR8000 with a terminal and with the ATARI, install burgs and shunts to facilitate the switching. STEP 3: Purchase a special terminal cable from SWP. This cable has an "ATARI" connector on one end that plugs into the COMPUTER IN Port of the ATR8000. The other end of the cable connects to the terminal. Connect the cable. STEP 4: Double check to insure that the jumpers are correct and that the cable is properly connected before repowering and plugging in the ATR8000. [35] ATR-8000 Manual [35] III. Software This section is divided into three subsections, one for each DOS that can be used with the ATR8000 (ATARI DOS, OS/A+ (Ver. 4), and CP/M). Each of these sections is a supplement to each DOS's separate operating manual. Booting and operating instructions for ATARI DOS and OS/A+ are in their separate operating manuals. Subsection 3 contains booting information for the ATR8000 CP/M and contains operating instructions for ATR8000 CP/M programs. A separate CP/M manual is included which explains how to use CP/M and its utility programs. Under ATARI DOS and OS/A+ the ATR8000 is a slave processor to the ATARI. It operates as a double density disk interface and can run printers or modems. To run CP/M, the 64k ATR8000 transmits a terminal program to the ATARI, then takes control of the system. The CP/M subsection includes diagrams listing keyboard and display character codes, as well as control and escape sequences used for CP/M. III.1. ATARI DOS ATARI DOS will run normally, i.e., as it ran on the ATARI before the ATR8000 was connected. This DOS (on a 5 1/4" disk) can be booted from a standard 5 1/4" drive as well as from an ATARI 810. As Section II.3.A. explains, it is possible to run this DOS from an 8" drive. This will only access 720 of the possible 2002 sectors on the disk. Although this can be a disadvantage because all of the available disk space cannot be used, it saves having to reconfigure the disk drives when changing DOSes. To copy ATARI DOS to an 8" disk, first connect the drives so that a standard 5 1/4" or an 810 drive is Drive 1 and an 8" drive is another drive number. Then follow the ATARIDOS procedure for making a systems disk from your master disk. If you are unsure about how to do this, follow the steps below. III.1.A. Copying ATARI DOS to an 8" Disk STEP 1: Connect the disk drives so that an 810 or a standard 5 1/4" drive is Drive 1 and an 8" drive is Drive 2. (For help refer to Section II.) STEP 2: Turn the power on the system (ATARI, ATR8000, drives, etc.). If the ATARI BASIC cartridge is in the ATARI, the READY prompt will appear. Type DOS and press . (If no BASIC cartridge is in the ATARI, the DOS menu will automatically appear on the screen.) STEP 3: We are now going to format the 8" disk that the ATARI DOS will be written onto. Type I for the FORMAT option. When asked which drive to format, type 2 and press . Insert a blank 8" disk into Drive 2 and close the drive door. STEP 4: When prompted to TYPE Y TO FORMAT DISK 2, type Y and press .When the formatting is complete, the message SELECT ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU will appear on the screen. [36] ATR-8000 Manual [36] STEP 5: We are now ready to copy the DOS onto the formatted 8" disk. Type H and press to select the WRITE DOS FILES option. STEP 6: When asked which disk to write the files to, type 2 and press . When asked for verification, type Y and . STEP 7: When the operation is complete, the message SELECT ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU will reappear on the screen. At this point you can write the MEM.SAV file on the disk as the ATARI DOS manual recommends. To do this, type N and press (for CREATE MEM.SAV). Then type Y and press . When the computer is through, the message SELECT ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU will reappear on the screen. STEP 8: Done! III.1.B. Modems To run a modem from the ATR8000's RS-232 Port, use Software Publishers' Custom Modem software. This software will run modems under ATARI DOS, OS/A+ and CP/M. An ATARI 830 Modem may be run through an ATARI 850 Interface Module. For MODEM PRINTING, the 80 column printer must be connected to the 850 and the SWP BASIC program, PRINTOFF.BAS, must be run before printing. When connected, printer command acknowledgements are sent to the computer from both the 850 and the ATR8000. PRINTOFF.BAS (an ATARI BASIC program) disables the ATR8000's printer driver so that it won't interfere with the signals between the 850 and the computer. III.1.C. Printers There are several considerations for connecting a printer to operate with ATARI DOS. 1)820/822 Printers: Either of these 40 column ATARI printers is connected to the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable. Before printing, the PRINTER Port of the ATR8000 must be told not to interfere; therefore, PRINTOFF.BAS is run. To turn the ATR8000's PRINTER Port back on, you can either reboot the computer, or run PRINTON.BAS. 2) Printing While Using the 830 Modem if the ATARI 850 Interface module is connected to the System: If the 850 has been connected to run the ATARI 830 Modem, then to print data received through the modem, the printer must be connected to the 850 box and PRINTOFF.BAS must be run so the ATR8000 won't interfere with the operation. If the 830 Modem isn't being used at the time of printing, but it is connected to the ATR8000 system, there are two ways to use an 80 column [37] ATR-8000 Manual [37] printer for ATARI DOS: 1) Disconnect the 850 and have the printer connected to the ATR8000's PRINTER Port. 2) Connect the printer to the ATARI 850 and run PRINTOFF.BAS before printing. As with ATARI operation, an 820/822 printer will not operate if an 850 is connected to the system. III.1.C1. PRINTOFF.BAS Using ATARI BASIC, enter this BASIC program as listed below. It will disable the ATR8000's printer driver to allow the 850 box to run the printer. (As described later, it also is used to run an 820/822 printer from the ATARI Daisy Chain Cable). PRINTOFF.BAS will have to be rerun if the computer is rebooted or after PRINTON.BAS is run. Run PRINTOFF.BAS before printing.[From ATARI BASIC,type: RUN"D:PRINTOFF.BAS. The computer will respond: PRINTER OFF. If you attempt to print from the ATR8000's PRINTER Port while PRINTOFF.BAS is active, ERROR 138 will show on the screen. 100 REM <> 110 DIM BUF$(3) 120 Z=ADR(" ") 130 DATA 104,76,89,228 140 FOR I=0 TO 3 150 READ X 160 POKE Z+I,X 170 NEXT I 180 DCB=7,68 190 DATA 90,1,83,0,0,0,1,0,3,0,54,255 200 FOR I=0 TO 11 210 READ X 220 POKE DCB+I,X 230 NEXT I 240 X=USR(Z) 250 A=ADR(BUF$) 260 X=INT(A/256) 270 POKE DCB+5,X 280 POKE DCB+4,A-X*256 290 GOSUB 2000 300 POKE DCB+2,ASC("S") 310 POKE DCB+3,0 320 D=PEEK(A) 330 POKE DCB+10,D 340 D=PEEK(A+1) 350 POKE DCB+11,D 360 X=USR(Z) 370 GOSUB 2000 [38] ATR-8000 Manual [38] 380 POKE A+2,255:rem 255=off 390 POKE DCB+2,ASC("W") 400 POKE DCB+3,128 410 X=USR(Z) 420 PRINT "PRINTER OFF" 430 END 2000 POKE DCB+2,ASC("R") 2010 POKE DCB+3,64 2020 POKE DCB+10,3 2030 X=USR(Z) 2040 RETURN III.1.C2. PRINTON.BAS This program reactivates the printer driver of the ATR8000 after it has been disabled by PRINTOFF.BAS. (If the computer is rebooted, there is no need to run PRINTON.BAS.) Under ATARI DOS, enter this program as listed below. To run it, type: RUN"D:PRINTON.BAS. The system will respond: PRINTER ON. 100 REM <>> 110 DIM BUF$(3) 120 Z=ADR(" ") 130 DATA 104,76,89,228 140 FOR I=0 TO 3 150 READ X 160 POKE Z+I,X 170 NEXT I 180 DCB=768 190 DATA 90,1,83,0,0,0,1,0,3,0,54,255 200 FOR I=O TO 11 210 READ X 220 POKE DCB+I,X 230 NEXT I 240 X=USR(Z) 250 A=ADR(BUF$) 260 X=INT(A/256) 270 POKE DCB+5,X 280 POKE DCB+4,A-X*256 290 GOSUB 2000 300 POKE DCB+2,ASC("S") 310 POKE DCB+3,0 320 D=PEEK(A) 330 POKE DCB+1O,D 340 D=PEEK(A+1) 350 POKE DCB+11,D 360 X=USR(Z) 370 GOSUB 2000 380 POKE A+2,64 390 POKE DCB+2,ASC("W") [39] ATR-8000 Manual [39] 400 POKE DCB+3,128 410 X=USR(Z) 420 PRINT "PRINTER ON" 430 END 2000 POKE DCB+2,ASC("R") 2010 POKE DCB+3,64 2020 POKE DCB+10,3 2030 X=USR(Z) 2040 RETURN III.2. OS/A+ (Version 4) OS/A+ (Ver.4) is available on both 5 1/4" and 8" disks. It operates on any standard disk drive. For detailed use on how to use this DOS, consult the separate OS/A+ operating manual. The ATARI must have a minimum of 32k RAM to run OS/A+. If you are going to run both OS/A+ and CP/M, we suggest that you have both operating systems on the same size of disk. This eliminates having to reconfigure the drive connections before booting and running the different DOSes. The stipulations for using printers and modems with OS/A+ are the same as the ATARI DOS stipulations. Refer to Section III.1. (ATARI DOS) for this information. It is important to thoroughly understand the conditions that arise when the ATARI 850 is interfaced to the system. Wherever possible it is best to directly connect peripherals to the ATR8000. This eliminates having to perform special operations before using the peripherals (such as running PRINTOFF.BAS) and avoids having to change the connections to use the peripherals for CP/M. (Peripherals must be directly connected to the ATR8000 to work with CP/M.) ATARI 810 drives may be used with OS/A+, but only for single density operation. Drive 1 must be a standard drive so that it can boot this double density DOS. Then the higher drive number 810s can be used for additional storage (single density). For booting and operating instructions, refer to the OS/A+ manual. III.3 MYDOS(10/00) DOSes that were written after the ATR was released will also work. They can also make use of the higher capacities of disks, up to 1.44 meg. MYDOS is very similar to Atari DOS, but with extended abilities, such as double density. While formatting is similar, see the docs for complete directions. III.4 Sparta DOS(10/00) There are also several good DOSes that are not as compatable with Atari [40] ATR-8000 Manual [40] DOS, but will also make use of the extended capacities the ATR offers. See their docs for formatting directions. III.5 Misc Note that 1050 enhanced disks can not be read or written by standard drives normally, but this is more of a DOS thing. Also, the double sided format(1 of 3) used by the ATR-8000 is different from the one on the XF551 drive, and possibly stand alone drives such as the percom that have double sided ability. And, some commercial software may not run because of the extra abilities. [41] ATR-8000 Manual [41] IV. Testing the Installed System Check the ATR8000 system and make sure that all necessary cables are connected and that drive numbers are unique. Then turn the power on the ATR8000, the ATARI (or RS-232 terminal), drives and any peripherals. To test ATARI DOS operation, boot the system using the standard ATARI DOS boot procedure. To test OS/A+, follow the boot instructions in the OS/A+ manual. To test CP/M, follow the instruction in Section III.3. of this manual. If you have a printer connected to the ATR8000 system, test it using the print commands of the current operating DOS. If the printer doesn't print properly, check the hardware section for proper connections. If the printer doesn't work under CP/M and you changed the default parallel printer driver to another using CONFIGUR.COM, make sure that the printer's parameter settings are the same as the parameters of the printer driver. Try a sampling of DOS commands to test your system. For instance, under CP/M type DIR to get a directory listing or STAT to find out how much disk space remains. For ATARI DOS and OS/A+ test similar operations. That's it! Refer to the ATARI DOS, the OS/A+, the CP/M and the ATR8000 instruction manuals for operational details. V. Expanding the ATR8000 Because of its versatility, the ATR8000 system is capable of expanding as you can afford to add to it. To add components to the ATR8000 after the initial connection, find the hardware connection section that best describes all of your equipment, and follow the connection guidelines. The following subsections contain tips and instructions. V.1. Converting to 64k Read this subsection carefully to convert the 16k ATR8000 to 64k. If you do not feel competent to make this change (or if you're unsure), send your ATR8000 to us to have this done. The charge for us making the conversion is $20 plus the cost of the upgrade. To make the conversion: STEP 1: Turn the power off and unplug the ATR8000. Do NOT repower or plug in the unit before this entire process has been completed. STEP 2: Consult Section II.5.A. and make the necessary changes in J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, and J8. STEP 3: Remove the 16k RAM I.C.'s from sockets U1 to U8. These sockets are directly above J3 - J6 on the ATR8000 circuit board. A thin screwdriver blade may be used to gently pry the chips from the sockets. Store these [42] ATR-8000 Manual [42] chips in the conductive foam the 64k RAM chips came in. STEP 4: Put the eight 64k Dynamic RAM chips (200 nanoseconds) into the now empty U1 - U8 sockets. Make sure that Pin 1 on each chip (marked by a small circle in the upper left corner or by a semicircular notch cut in the upper edge of the chip) is placed in the socket so that it matches Pin 1 on the socket (marked by a semicircular cut in the upper edge of the socket). Pin 1 on the sockets and the 64k DRAMs should point towards the white letters denoting U1 - U8 on the ATR8000 circuit board. STEP 5: Carefully inspect the circuit board to insure that the above procedure was performed EXACTLY. If you turn the power on and did not correctly follow this procedure, the ATR8000 may be damaged. V.2. Adding Drives, Printers, and Modems Make sure to read all sections pertaining to these items you install. make sure to inspect cabling prior to repowering the ATR8000. V.3. Hard Disk Systems A SCSI based hard drive was available from SWP(30 megs for about $400.00 would be typical), but no other information is available. An IDE drive is being planned(can a cd rom drive be far away?). Watch the newsgroups for more information. [43] ATR-8000 Manual [43]